Fourth Turning

by William Strauss, Neil Howe

1997

This groundbreaking work proposes that American history unfolds in predictable cycles, each culminating in a perilous "Fourth Turning" that reshapes society. By examining generations from the Puritans to Millennials, the authors reveal a recurring pattern of seasonal eras—from confident expansion to spiritual awakening, then individualism, and finally crisis. This theory offers a startling framework for understanding our current societal anxieties and anticipating the dramatic events ahead.

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21st Century